Molekularna struktura in biološki sistemi:
molekularne vezi, atomske orbitale, molekularne orbitale, kovalenta vez, ionska vez, koordinativne vezi, kovino-organski kompleksi, Van der Waalsova sila, vodikova vez, vzbujanje in prenos energije, vzbujanje molekul in prenos energije, mehanizmi fotovzbujanja molekul, mehanizmi molekularnega prenosa energije, eksperimentalne tehnike: UV/Vis spektroskopija, fluorescenčna spektroskopija, fluorescenčni prenos resonančne energije (FRET)
Molekulske in ionske interakcije kot osnova za oblikovanje bioloških struktur:
struktura vode, učinki hidracije, hidrofobne interakcije, amfifilne molekule, Ioni v vodnih raztopinah, Debye-Huckleov radij, medmolekularne interakcije, oblikovanje strukture bioloških makromolekul
Biološki polimeri:
nukleinske kisline, kemijska struktura nukleinskih kislin, struktura dvojne vijačnice DNA, dodatno zvitje DNA in nenavadne strukture DNA, struktura prenašalne RNA, proteini, aminokisline in primarna struktura proteinov, peptidna vez in sekundarna struktura proteinov, terciarna struktura – zvijanje proteinov, kvartarna struktura, struktura virusov, eksperimentalne tehnike: cirkularni dikroizem (CD) in optična rotacijska disperzija (ORD), infrardeča spektroskopija, Ramanova spektroskopija
Dinamika proteinov:
časovne skale lokalne dinamike stranskih verig in globalne dinamike, rotacijski konformacijski prostori, dinamika kvartarne strukture, eksperimentalne tehnike: elektronska paramagnetna resonanca (EPR) s specifičnim spinskim označevanjem
Supramolekularne strukture - Biološke membrane – dvodimenzionalne supramolekularne strukture:
lipidi - gradniki biomembran in enostavnih lipidnih vesiklov, tekoče kristalna narava in fazni diagrami, heterogenost in dinamika bioloških membran, lipidni dvosloj kot okolje za strukturiranje membranskih proteinov, eksperimentalne tehnike: elektronska paramagnetna resonanca (EPR) z nespecifičnim spinskim označevanjem
Amfifilni transportni sistemi - Trodimenzionalne supramolekularne strukture:
lipoproteinski delci – struktura in funkcija, farmacevtski transportni sistemi na osnovi trdnih lipidnih nanodelcev, polisaharidne strukture na površini biomembran – primerjava strukture in funkcije med površinami evkariontske in prokariontske celice, eksperimentalne tehnike: rentgensko sipanje pri majhnih kotih (SAXS)
Interakcije med biološkimi strukturami in bioaktivnimi molekulami:
primeri interakcij med bioaktivnimi molekulami in makromolekulami, protein / toksin - membranski proteinski receptor, nanodelci in reaktivne molekule – nenasičeni deli gradnikov bioloških struktur, primeri interakcij med bioaktivnimi molekulami in supramolekularnimi strukturami, toksin / virusni plaščni protein – membranske domene, eksperimentalne tehnike: konfokalna fluorescenčna (mikro)spektroskopija (CFMS), superločljive mikroskopije, kot je STED
Molecular Structure and Biological Systems:
Intramolecular Bonds, Atomic orbitals, Molecular orbitals, covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, Coordinative bonds, metallo-organic complexes, Van der Waals forces, Hydrogen bonds, Excitation and Energy Transfer, Molecular excitation and energy transfer, Mechanisms of photo-induced molecular excitation, Mechanisms of molecular energy transfer, Experimental techniques: UV/Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)
Molecular and Ionic Interactions as the Basis for the Formation of Biological Structures:
The water structure, effects of hydration, hydrophobic interactions, amphiphilic molecule, Ions in aqueous solutions, the Debye-Huckle radius, Intermolecular interactions, Structure formation of macrobiomolecules
Biological Polymers:
Nucleic Acids, The chemical structure of nucleic acids, The double-helical structure of DNA, DNA supercoiling and unusual DNA structures, The structure of transfer RNA, Proteins, Amino acids and the primary structure of proteins, The peptide bond and secondary structure of proteins, Tertiary structure –protein folding, Quaternary structure, Virus structure, Experimental techniques: Circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotary dispersion (ORD), Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy
Dynamics of protein: Time scales of local side-chain and global dynamics, Rotational conformational spaces, Quaternary structure dynamics, Experimental technique: Site-directed spin labeling EPR
Supramolecular structures - Biological membranes – two-dimenzional supramolecular structures:
Lipids – constituent of biomembranes and simple lipid vesicles, Liquid crystal nature and phase diagrams, Heterogeneity and dynamics of biomembranes, Lipid bilayers as a constrained for membrane protein structuring, Experimental techniques: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with non-specific spin labelling
Amphiphilic transport systems – Threedimensional supramolecular structures:
Lipoprotein particles – structure and function, Pharmaceutical transport systems based on lipid solid nanoparticles, Polysaccharide structures on membrane surfaces –comparison of structure and function of surfaces between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, Experimental techniques: small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS)
Interaction between biological structures and bioactive substances:
Examples of interactions between bioactive molecules and macromolecules, Protein / toxin – membrane protein receptor, Nanoparticles and reactive molecules – unsaturated parts of constituents of biological structures, Examples of interactions between bioactive molecules and supramolecular structures, Toxin / viral coat protein – membrane domains, Experimental techniques: confocal fluorescence (micro)spectroscopy (CFMS), superresolution microscopies such as STED