Učni načrt predmeta

Predmet:

Biomonitoring

Course:

Biomonitoring

Študijski program in stopnja / Study programme and level	Študijska smer / Study field	Letnik / Academic year	Semester / Semester
Ekotehnologije, 3. stopnja	/	1	1
Ecotechnologies, 3nd cycle	/	1	1

Vrsta predmeta / Course type

Izbirni

Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:

EKO3-869

Predavanja Lectures	Seminar Seminar	Vaje Tutorial	Klinične vaje work	Druge oblike študija	Samost. delo Individ. work	ECTS
15	15	15		105		5

*Navedena porazdelitev ur velja, če je vpisanih vsaj 15 študentov. Drugače se obseg izvedbe kontaktnih ur sorazmerno zmanjša in prenese v samostojno delo. / This distribution of hours is valid if at least 15 students are enrolled. Otherwise the contact hours are linearly reduced and transfered to individual work.

Nosilec predmeta / Course leader:

prof. dr. Milena Horvat

Sodelavci / Lecturers:

Jeziki / Languages:

Predavanja / Lectures:

Slovenski ali angleški / Slovene or English

Vaje / Tutorial:

Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti:

Prerequisites:

Vsebina:

Content (Syllabus outline):

Predmet zajema naslednje teme:

Definicije in osnove bioindikacije in biomonitoringa v okolju ter pri ljudeh (humani biomonitoring).
Uporaba okoljske bioindikacije in biomonitoringa za ocenjevanje stanja okolja v kopenskih in vodnih ekosistemih kot posledica onesnaževanja vode, zraka in tal z različnimi onesnaževali (žveplove in dušikove spojine, fotooksidanti, težke kovine, radionuklidi, obstojne organske snovi ipd.).
Raven in načini bioindikacije (kazalci, akumulatorji/monitorji).
Vrste bioindikatorjev: bioindikacija z epifitskimi lišaji, mahovi; višje rastline kot indikatorji onesnaženosti zraka ali tal; onesnaženje tal in bioindikacija (glive, mikroorganizmi); višje živali (ribe, srnjad, ptice) kot indikatorji stanja okolja; primeri uporabe biomonitoringa v različnih mednarodnih programih in zakonodaji.
Humani biomonitoring (načrtovanje, izvedba, interpretacija, komunikacija).
Biomarkerji izpostavljenosti, občutljivosti in vpliva.
Pregled ključnih slovenskih, evropskih in svetovnih programov okoljskega in humanega biomonitoringa.
Povezava med okoljsko in humano bioindikacijo.

The subject includes the following:
- Definitions, basics of bioindication / biomonitoring in the environment and in humans (human biomonitoring).
- Use of environmental bioindication / biomonitoring to determine the state of the environment in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as a result of pollution of water, air, soil with various pollutants (sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, photooxidants, heavy metals, radionuclides, persistent organic substances ...).
- Levels and methods of bioindication (indicators, accumulators / monitors).
- Types of bioindicators: Bioindication with epiphytic lichens, mosses; Higher plants as indicators of air or soil pollution, soil contamination and bioindication (fungi, microorganisms). Higher animals (fish, deer, birds) as indicators of the state of the environment.
- Humane biomonitoring (planning, execution, interpretation, comic)
- Biomarkers exposed to vulnerability, sensitivity and influence.
- Presentation of key Slovenian, European and global programs of environmental and humane bioindication.

Temeljna literatura in viri / Readings:

- National Research Council. 2006. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals. Washington, DC:
The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11700.
- Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Vol. 1 and Vol.2 (ed. L. Knudsen) RCS Publishing 2014.
- Human biomonitoring: facts and figures. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2015.
- Markert, B.A., Breure A.M., Zechmeister, H.G. (Eds), 2003. Bioindicators & Biomonitors, Principles,
Concepts and Applications (Trace Metals and Other Contaminants in the Environment 6), 997 str.,
Elsevier,
- Mulgrew, A., Williams, P., 2000. Biomonitoring of air quality using plants. Air Hygiene Report 10,
Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre WHO Collaborating Cetre for Air Quality Management and
Air Pollution Control FEA Berlin & Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre WHO Collaborating
Centre for Monitoring and Assessment, King's College London, 164 str., ISSN 0938-9822.

Cilji in kompetence:

Objectives and competences:

Cilji predmeta so:

Razviti poglobljeno razumevanje bioindikacije in biomonitoringa ter njune uporabe v okolju in pri ljudeh.
Seznaniti študente z metodami za ocenjevanje stanja okolja na podlagi bioindikatorjev v kopenskih in vodnih ekosistemih, s poudarkom na vplivu onesnaževal,
Razviti sposobnost prepoznavanja različnih vrst bioindikatorjev in njihovega pomena v okoljskem in humanem biomonitoringu.
Pridobiti znanje o načrtovanju, izvedbi in interpretaciji humanega biomonitoringa ter o povezavi med okoljsko in humano bioindikacijo.
Razviti zavedanje o biomarkerjih izpostavljenosti, občutljivosti in vpliva ter njihovem pomenu v znanstvenih in praktičnih okoljskih ocenah.
Študente seznaniti s ključnimi slovenskimi, evropskimi in svetovnimi programi biomonitoringa ter zakonodajo s tega področja.

Kompetence
Študenti bodo po zaključku predmeta pridobili naslednje kompetence:

Zmožnost kritičnega vrednotenja in analize bioindikatorjev in biomonitoring metod za ocenjevanje stanja okolja.
Usposobljenost za načrtovanje in izvedbo okoljskega in humanega biomonitoringa v različnih ekosistemih in za različne vrste onesnaževal.
Sposobnost interpretacije rezultatov bioindikacije in biomonitoringa, vključno z uporabo biomarkerjev za oceno izpostavljenosti in vpliva na okolje ter zdravje ljudi.
Razumevanje zakonodajnih okvirov in programov, ki urejajo okoljski in humani biomonitoring na nacionalni in mednarodni ravni.
Sposobnost povezovanja ugotovitev okoljskega in humanega biomonitoringa za celostno oceno vplivov onesnaženja na okolje in zdravje ljudi.

The objectives of the course are:

To develop an in-depth understanding of bioindication and biomonitoring, and their application in the environment and in humans.
To familiarize students with methods for assessing the state of the environment based on bioindicators in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with an emphasis on the impact of pollutants.
To develop the ability to recognize different types of bioindicators and their significance in environmental and human biomonitoring.
To acquire knowledge on the planning, implementation, and interpretation of human biomonitoring, as well as the connection between environmental and human bioindication.
To raise awareness of biomarkers of exposure, sensitivity, and effect, and their importance in scientific and practical environmental assessments.
To acquaint students with key Slovenian, European, and global biomonitoring programs and relevant legislation.

Competencies
Upon completion of the course, students will gain the following competencies:
The ability to critically evaluate and analyze bioindicators and biomonitoring methods for assessing environmental status.
Proficiency in planning and conducting environmental and human biomonitoring in various ecosystems and for different types of pollutants.
The ability to interpret the results of bioindication and biomonitoring, including the use of biomarkers to assess exposure and impacts on the environment and human health.
An understanding of the legislative frameworks and programs governing environmental and human biomonitoring at national and international levels.
The ability to integrate findings from environmental and human biomonitoring to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of pollution on the environment and human health.

Predvideni študijski rezultati:

Intendeded learning outcomes:

Po uspešno opravljenem predmetu bodo študenti pridobili naslednje rezultate:

Razumevanje konceptov bioindikacije in biomonitoringa – Študenti bodo razumeli osnovne definicije in principe bioindikacije in biomonitoringa v okolju ter pri ljudeh, vključno z različnimi vrstami bioindikatorjev in njihovimi aplikacijami.

Sposobnost uporabe bioindikatorjev za ocenjevanje stanja okolja – Študenti bodo znali prepoznati in uporabiti različne bioindikatorje (lišaji, mahovi, rastline, živali) za ocenjevanje onesnaženosti okolja v kopenskih in vodnih ekosistemih.

Analiza in interpretacija podatkov – Študenti bodo usposobljeni za analizo in interpretacijo podatkov, pridobljenih z okoljsko bioindikacijo in humanim biomonitoringom, ter za pravilno uporabo biomarkerjev izpostavljenosti, občutljivosti in vpliva.

Načrtovanje biomonitoring študij – Študenti bodo znali načrtovati, izvajati in ocenjevati programe okoljskega in humanega biomonitoringa ter upoštevati metodične vidike, kot so načrtovanje vzorčenja, merjenje variabilnosti in določanje negotovosti.

Poznavanje zakonodaje in programov – Študenti bodo seznanjeni s ključnimi slovenskimi, evropskimi in svetovnimi programi ter zakonodajo na področju bioindikacije in biomonitoringa, kar jim bo omogočilo sodelovanje v teh programih ali razvoj novih.

Povezovanje okoljske in humane bioindikacije – Študenti bodo razumeli in znali uporabiti povezave med okoljskimi in humanimi podatki, kar jim bo omogočilo celovito oceno vpliva onesnaženja na zdravje ljudi in ekosistemov.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will achieve the following outcomes:

Understanding the concepts of bioindication and biomonitoring – Students will understand the basic definitions and principles of bioindication and biomonitoring in the environment and in humans, including different types of bioindicators and their applications.

Ability to use bioindicators to assess environmental conditions – Students will be able to identify and apply various bioindicators (lichens, mosses, plants, animals) to evaluate pollution levels in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Data analysis and interpretation – Students will be trained to analyze and interpret data obtained from environmental bioindication and human biomonitoring, and will be able to correctly use biomarkers of exposure, sensitivity, and effect.

Designing biomonitoring studies – Students will be able to design, conduct, and evaluate environmental and human biomonitoring programs, considering methodological aspects such as sampling design, measurement variability, and uncertainty estimation.

Knowledge of legislation and programs – Students will become familiar with key Slovenian, European, and global programs and legislation related to bioindication and biomonitoring, enabling them to participate in these programs or develop new ones.

Connecting environmental and human bioindication – Students will understand and apply the connections between environmental and human data, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of pollution on human health and ecosystems.

Metode poučevanja in učenja:

Learning and teaching methods:

Sistematična predavanja
- razgovor
- reševanje problemov
- ekperimentalno delo

Terensko delo
- praktični primeri

Systematic lectures
- conversation
- problem solving
- experimental work

Fieldwork
- practical examples

Načini ocenjevanja:

Delež v % / Weight in %

Assesment:

Seminarska naloga

25 %

Seminar work

Ustni izpit

50 %

Oral exam

Zagovor seminarske naloge, pri katerem dokaže osvojitev vseh študijskih izidov z vsaj po enim konkretnim primerom.

25 %

Defense of the seminar work where the student demonstrates the achievement of all learning outcomes with at least one specific case for each outcome

Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:

1.	TKALEC, Žiga, CODLING, Garry, KLÁNOVÁ, Jana, HORVAT, Milena, KOSJEK, Tina. LC-HRMS based method for suspect/non-targeted screening for biomarkers of chemical exposure in human urine. Chemosphere. [Print ed.]. Aug. 2022, vol. 300, str. 1-9, ilustr. ISSN 0045-6535. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134550.
2.	SNOJ TRATNIK, Janja, KOCMAN, David, HORVAT, Milena, et al. Cadmium exposure in adults across Europe : results from the HBM4EU Aligned Studies survey 2014–2020. International journal of hygiene and environmental health. 2022, vol. 246, str. 114050-1-114050-14. ISSN 1438-4639. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114050.O, Domenico Franco (ur.). Biomarkers and human biomonitoring. Volume 1, Ongoing programs and exposures, (Issues in toxicology). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2011, str. 381-417.
3.	HORVAT, Milena, ŠLEJKOVEC, Zdenka, FALNOGA, Ingrid. Arsenic : biomarkers of exposure and human biomonitoring. V: KNUDSEN, Lisbet E. (ur.), MERLO, Domenico Franco (ur.). Biomarkers and human biomonitoring. Volume 1, Ongoing programs and exposures, (Issues in toxicology). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2011, str. 418-445.
4.	BASU, Niladri, HORVAT, Milena, EVERS, David C., ZASTENSKAYA, Irina, WEIHE, Pal, TEMPOWSKI, Joanna. A state-of-the-science review of mercury biomarkers in human populations worldwide between 2000 and 2018. Environmental health perspectives. 2018, vol. 126, no. 10, str. 106001-1-106001-14, ilustr. ISSN 1552-9924. DOI: 10.1289/EHP3904.s and fugures. Copenhagen: WHO = World Health Organization, 2015. XIII, 88 str., ilustr. [COBISS.SI-ID 28620839]
5.	RUNKEL, A. HORVAT, Milena, et al., Exposure of children and adolescents from Northeastern Slovenia to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Chemosphere. [Online ed.]. Apr. 2023, vol. 321, [article no.] 138096, str. 1-11, ilustr. ISSN 1879-1298. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653523003636?via%3Dihub, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138096.