Učni načrt predmeta

Predmet:
Slikanje z magnetno resonanco
Course:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Študijski program in stopnja /
Study programme and level		 Študijska smer /
Study field		 Letnik /
Academic year		 Semester /
Semester
Nanoznanosti in nanotehnologije, 3. stopnja / 1 1
Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, 3rd cycle / 1 1
Vrsta predmeta / Course type
Izbirni
Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:
NANO3-888
Predavanja
Lectures		 Seminar
Seminar		 Vaje
Tutorial		 Klinične vaje
work		 Druge oblike
študija		 Samost. delo
Individ. work		 ECTS
15 15 15 10 5

*Navedena porazdelitev ur velja, če je vpisanih vsaj 15 študentov. Drugače se obseg izvedbe kontaktnih ur sorazmerno zmanjša in prenese v samostojno delo. / This distribution of hours is valid if at least 15 students are enrolled. Otherwise the contact hours are linearly reduced and transfered to individual work.

Nosilec predmeta / Course leader:
prof. dr. Igor Serša
Sodelavci / Lecturers:
Jeziki / Languages:
Predavanja / Lectures:
slovenščina, angleščina / Slovenian, English
Vaje / Tutorial:
Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti:
Prerequisites:

Zaključena druga stopnja bolonjskega študija ali diploma univerzitetnega študijskega programa. Potrebna so tudi osnovna znanja fizike in matematike.

Completed Bologna second level study program or an equivalent pre-Bologna university study program. Basic knowledge of physics and mathematics is also requested.

Vsebina:
Content (Syllabus outline):

Osnove magnetne resonance: jedra v močnem magnetnem polju, jedrska precesija, signal proste precesije, jedrska relaksacija, spinski odmev, jedrske interakcije, spekter signala jeder.

Slikanje z magnetno resonanco v eni dimenziji: gradient magnetnega polja, signal magnetne resonance v gradientu magnetnega polja, princip frekvenčnega kodiranja signala, slika magnetne resonance v eni dimenziji.

Razširitev v več dimenzij: rekonstrukcija slike in serije projekcij, fazno občutljiva detekcija signala, princip faznega kodiranja signala, uvedba k-prostora, rekonstrukcija slike na osnovi večdimenzionalne Fouriereve transformacije.

Zaporedje za slikanje s spinskim odmevom:
vzbuditev signala v rezini, vpliv parametrov
zaporedja na kontrast slike, relaksacijski časi
bioloških tkiv, gostotna, T1 in T2 obtežena
slika, slikanje v več rezinah ali z več odmevi.

Zaporedje za slikanje z gradientnim odmevom:
ravnovesno stanje longitudinalne magnetizacije, Ernstov kot, zaporedja FLASH, FISP in balanced-SSFP.

Inverzija s povratkom: izločanje signala tkiv glede na njihov čas relaksacije T1, zaporedji STIR in FLAIR.

Kontrastna sredstva: vpliv kontrastnih sredstev na skrajšanje relaksacijskih časov, uporaba za odkrivanje tumorjev.

Magnetno resonančna angiografija: TOF angiografija, fazno kontrastna angiografija, angiografija s kontrastnimi sredstvi.

Napredne metode slikanja: hitro slikanje z zaporedji RARE in EPI, difuzijsko slikanje, slikanje difuzijskega tenzorja, funkcijsko slikanje, kontrast na osnovi prenosa magnetizacije, vzporedno slikanje, hiperpolarizacija.

Magnetno resonančna spektroskopija: metode lokalizacije signala, spektri različnih patologij.

Basics of magnetic resonance: nuclei in a strong magnetic field, nuclear precession, free precession signal, nuclear relaxation, spin echo, nuclear interactions, spectrum of a nuclear signal.

Magnetic resonance imaging in one dimension: magnetic field gradient, magnetic resonance signal in magnetic field gradient, principle of signal frequency encoding, magnetic resonance image in one dimension.

Expansion in two and more dimensions: image reconstruction from a series of projections, phase-sensitive signal detection, principle of signal phase encoding, introduction of k-space, image reconstruction based on multi-dimensional Fourier transform.

Spin-echo imaging sequence: signal excitation in a slice, impact of imaging parameters on an image contrast, relaxation times of biological tissues, proton density-, T1- and T2- weighted image, imaging in several slices or with many spin echoes.

Gradient-echo imaging sequence: steady state longitudinal magnetization, Ernst angle, FLASH, FISP and balanced-SSFP sequences.

Inversion recovery: tissue signal elimination based on its T1 relaxation time, STIR and FLAIR sequences.

Contrast agents: effect of contrast agents on relaxation time shortening, application for tumor detection.

Magnetic resonance angiography:
TOF angiography, phase contrast angiography, angiography with contrast agents.

Advanced imaging methods: RARE and EPI fast imaging sequences, diffusion imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, functional imaging, magnetization transfer-based contrast,
parallel imaging, hyperpolarization.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: methods for signal localization, spectra of different pathologies.

Temeljna literatura in viri / Readings:

Izbrana poglavja iz naslednjih knjig: / Selected chapters from the following books:
- SERŠA, Igor. Magnetnoresonančne preiskave. V: JEVTIČ, Vladimir (ur.), et al. Diagnostična in
intervencijska radiologija, Splošni del. 1. izd. Maribor: Pivec, 2014, str. 88-106.
- Ray H Hashemi; William G Bradley; Christopher J Lisanti, MRI : the basics, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
2018, ISBN 978-1496384324.
- Catherine Westbrook, MRI at a Glance, Wiley-Blackwell, 2016, ISBN 978-1405192552.
- Alexander C. Mamourian, MR Physics, Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0199706761.
- Marinus T. Vlaardingerbroek, Jacques A. Boer, Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Theory and Practice,
Springer Science & Business Media, 2003, str.499. ISBN 3-540-43681-2.
- Matt A. Bernstein, Kevin F. King, and Xiaohong Joe Zhou, Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences, Elsevier
Academic Press, 2004, ISBN: 978-0-12-092861-3.
- Robert W. Brown,Y.-C. Norman Cheng,E. Mark Haacke, Michael R. Thompson, Ramesh Venkatesan,
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design, Wiley-Liss, 1999, ISBN 0-471-
35128-8.""

Cilji in kompetence:
Objectives and competences:

Cilj predmeta je seznaniti študenta s področjem
slikanja z magnetno resonanco. Pri predmetu bodo študentje spoznali osnove te napredne metode slikanja in se na osnovi številnih primerov tudi seznanili z njeno uporabo v medicinski diagnostiki. V predmet bodo vključene tudi praktične vaje, ki se bodo izvajale v Laboratoriju za slikanje z magnetno resonanco na IJS.

Kompetence študenta z uspešno zaključenim predmetom bodo vključevale razumevanje osnovnih principov slikanja z magnetno resonanco in poznavanje področij uporabe te metode v medicini.

The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the field of magnetic resonance imaging. In it, the students will learn the basics of this advanced imaging method and based on a number of cases also become familiar with its use in medical diagnostics. The course will also include practical exercises that will be carried out in the Laboratory for magnetic resonance imaging at JSI.

The competencies of the students successfully completing this course will include understanding of the basic principles of MRI as well as basic knowledge of its use in medicine.

Predvideni študijski rezultati:
Intendeded learning outcomes:

Študenti bodo z uspešno opravljenimi obveznostmi tega predmeta pridobili:
- znanje o osnovah magnetno resonančnega
slikanja (fizikalni principi ter matematični algoritmi rekonstrukcije slik),
- pridobili pregled nad različnimi metodami MR
slikanja in njihovimi posebnostmi,
- spoznali bodo področja uporabe magnetno
resonančnega slikanja v medicinski diagnostiki,
- na primerih praktičnih vaj se bodo neposredno
srečali z opremo, potrebno za magnetno
resonanco slikanje in tudi v praksi spoznali, kako
nastane slika z magnetno resonanco,
- seznanili se bodo tudi z nevarnostmi pri tej
metodi, tako z vidika pacienta kot tudi
operaterja,
- na osnovi pridobljenega znanja bodo zmožni
samostojno spremljati in razumevati strokovno
literaturo s področja slikanja z magnetno resonanco in se udeleževati mednarodnih
srečanj s tega področja.

Students successfully completing this course will
acquire:
- knowledge about the basics of magnetic
resonance imaging (physical principles and
mathematical algorithms of image
reconstruction),
- got an overview of different MRI methods and
their specificities,
- learn about the scope of MRI in medical
diagnostics,
- with practical classes they will get familiar with
MRI hardware and they will learn how MR image
is acquired,
- students will learn a potential danger with the
method from perspective of the patient as well
as the operator,
- with the gained knowledge they will be able to
follow and understand the scientific literature in
the field of magnetic resonance imaging and to
attend international meetings on MRI.

Metode poučevanja in učenja:
Learning and teaching methods:

Predavanja, parktične vaje, konzultacije,
individualno delo.

Študentje bodo praktične vaje opravili v
Laboratoriju za slikanje z magnetno resonanco na
IJS.

Lectures, practical classes, consultations, individual work.

Students will have practical classes on MRI in the
Laboratory for magnetic resonance imaging at JSI.

Načini ocenjevanja:
Delež v % / Weight in %
Assesment:
Seminarska naloga
50 %
Seminar work
Ustni zagovor seminarske naloge
50 %
Oral defense of seminar work
Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:
1. SNOJ, Žiga, SERŠA, Igor, MATIČIČ, Urša, CVETKO, Erika, OMEJEC, Gregor. Nerve fascicle depiction at MR microscopy and high-frequency US with anatomic verification. Radiology. 2021, vol. 297, no. 3, str. 672-674.
2. SERŠA, Igor. Electric current detection based on the MR signal magnitude decay. Magnetic resonance in medicine. 2022, vol. 88, no. 3, str. 1282-1291.
3. SERŠA, Igor. Magnetic resonance microscopy of samples with translational symmetry with FOVs smaller than sample size. Scientific reports. 2021, vol. 11, 541-1-541-12.
4. TUŠAR, Kaja, SERŠA, Igor. Use of nonlinear pulsed magnetic fields for spatial encoding in magnetic resonance imaging. Scientific reports. 2024, vol. 14, art. 7521, 15 str.
5. SERŠA, Igor. Comparison of driven equilibrium and standard spin-echo sequence in MR microscopy : analysis of signal dependence on RF pulse imperfection and diffusion. Journal of magnetic resonance. Feb. 2024, vol. 359, str. 1-11.